Page 41 - CMA Journal (May-June 2025)

Focus Section

In Pakistan, formal policy frameworks, standards, and informal circular practices, such as clothing reuse,
training programs could significantly improve existing electronics repair, and auto parts salvage.

Table 1: Global Best Practices by Industries

Country / Best Practice /
Sector Circular Strategies Used Relevance for Pakistan
Organization Program
Take-back schemes, fiber Pakistan’s textile sector can
Garment Collecting
Sweden – H&M recycling, closed-loop replicate large-scale recycling
Program
fashion and resale markets.
Textiles &
Waste traceability, the It can help Pakistani factories
Apparel Waste digital mapping
Bangladesh – industrial symbiosis trace and re-use textile waste
and re-user-use
Reverse Resources between garment producers and support the informal-to-
platform
and recyclers formal transition.
Legal framework
Japan – Home requiring Product take-back, A structured national e-waste
framework could formalize
Appliance manufacturers to mandatory producer Pakistan’s large informal
Electronics Recycling Law collect and recycle responsibility recycling sector.
(E-Waste) electronics
Modular smartphone Design for disassembly, Encourages local electronics
EU – Fairphone
for easy repair and repairability, product businesses to develop long-
(Netherlands)
recycling longevity life, serviceable products.
Pakistan’s auto repair sector
Engine and parts Component reuse,
Germany – BMW & (Shershah market, etc.) could
remanufacturing remanufacturing, closed-
Audi programs loop supply chains adopt certified
Automotive remanufacturing practices.
End-of-Life Vehicle It could inspire policy for
Reverse logistics, recycling
EU – ELV Directive policy mandating 95% of metals, glass, plastic formal vehicle recycling and
material recovery material recovery in Pakistan.
Industry agreement to It can be implemented via a
reduce virgin plastic Voluntary producer Pakistani Plastics Pact
Chile – Plastic Pact
and increase reusable agreements, re-use models engaging FMCGs and the
Plastics & packaging retail sector.
Packaging Urban retailers in Pakistan
Netherlands – Refillable packaging Refill stations, packaging can pilot similar programs in
Loop by systems for household
TerraCycle goods and groceries reuse supermarkets and shopping
malls.
UK – WRAP (Waste Promotion of recycled Reuse of demolition A large potential market in
& Resources aggregates in road waste, recycled building Pakistan's expanding
Action and building construction sector reduces
Construction materials
Programme) construction urban waste.
& Demolition
Denmark – Modular housing Modular construction, Ideal for Pakistan’s low-cost
Resource Efficient designs using material circularity housing schemes; efficient
Housing reclaimed materials and sustainable designs.
Supermarkets must Helpful in reducing food
France – Food donate unsold food or Redistribution networks, waste in Pakistani urban
Waste Law process it into food waste prevention retail and food services
Food & compost sector.
Agriculture Users are charged Municipalities could adapt it
South Korea – based on the amount Incentivized composting
to encourage organic waste
Pay-as-You-Waste of food waste and biogas production separation in major cities.
generated
This can be replicated in
Uses by-products from Pakistani chemical clusters
Germany – BASF one production line as Industrial symbiosis, waste- (e.g., Lahore and Faisalabad
to-resource engineering
inputs for another industrial zones) for
Chemicals /
efficiency gains.
Fertilizer Relevant for reducing
Production of bio-
Bio-circular fertilizers, input dependence on chemical
India – IFFCO fertilizers from organic substitution fertilizers and managing agri-
waste
waste in Pakistan.
Source: Author’s compilation from published sources
ICMA’s Chartered Management Accountant, May-June 2025 39